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- **Titration cannot be used to test for PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) in water** because PFAS are:
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- ### 1. **Present at Extremely Low Levels**
- * PFAS are often found in **parts per trillion (ppt)** or **parts per billion (ppb)** in water.
- * **Titration is not sensitive enough** to detect such tiny concentrations.
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- ### 2. **Chemically Inert and Non-Reactive**
- * PFAS are **very stable** due to their strong carbon-fluorine bonds.
- * **Titration depends on a chemical reaction** (e.g., acid-base or redox).
- * Since PFAS don’t easily react, there's **no reliable titrant** to use against them.
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- ### 3. **A Mixture of Many Similar Compounds**
- * PFAS refers to a **large family** of compounds (e.g., PFOA, PFOS, GenX).
- * Titration can’t **separate or distinguish** between them.
- * Techniques like **LC-MS/MS** are required to **identify and quantify each specific PFAS compound**.
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- ### ✅ Summary:
- Titration is **too simple, not sensitive enough, and not specific** for PFAS.
- **Advanced analytical tools like LC-MS/MS** are needed to detect and measure PFAS accurately in water.
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